EN 
PT_BR 
The grain harvest in the 2024/25 cycle ends estimated at 350.2 million tons and sets a new record in the historical series, surpassing that obtained in the 2022/23 season, when 324.36 million tons were harvested. According to the 12th Survey, released this Thursday (11) by the National Supply Company (Conab), the volume obtained in the current cycle represents an increase of 16.3% over the previous season, which corresponds to an increase of 49.1 million tons, with corn, soybeans, rice and cotton together representing around 47 million tons of this increase.
According to the bulletin, this growth observed in the current harvest in relation to the 2023/24 cycle is attributed to the expansion of 1.9 million hectares in the cultivated area, going from 79.9 million hectares in the last season to 81.7 million hectares in 2024/25, as well as to favorable climatic conditions, especially in the Center-West, with emphasis on Mato Grosso, which influenced the recovery in the national average productivity of crops in 13.7%, estimated at 4,284 kilos per hectare in the current cycle, while in 2023/24 it was 3,769 kg/ha.
Soy
Soybeans, the main crop, recorded a record production estimated at 171.5 million tons, an increase of 20.2 million tons over the previous harvest. This historic result reflects the increase in planted area combined with the improvement in the national average crop yield. Given more favorable weather conditions in most producing regions compared to the 2023/24 season, the national average crop yield in the current cycle reached 3,621 kg/ha, the highest ever recorded by the Company. In the 2024/25 season, the highest yield was in Goiás, at 4,183 kg/ha, and the lowest in Rio Grande do Sul, at 2,342 kg/ha, where the producing regions experienced high temperatures and irregular rainfall from December to the end of February.
Corn
Conab also forecasts record national average corn productivity, considering the three harvests, estimated at 6,391 kilograms per hectare in the current cycle. This means total production of 139.7 million tons is expected in the 2024/25 harvest, an increase of 20.9% compared to the 2023/24 harvest and the largest corn harvest ever recorded by the state-owned company. In the first harvest, production was estimated at 24.9 million tons, an increase of 8.6% over the previous harvest. In the second harvest, with 97% of harvested area and 3% at maturity, production is estimated to grow by 24.4%, forecast at 112 million tons. For the third harvest, with crops still developing, production is expected to reach 2.7 million tons.
Photo: Freepik
A record cotton production is also expected, with estimated 4.1 million tons. This represents a 9.7% increase over the previous harvest and is supported by a 7.3% increase in planted area and favorable weather conditions. By the end of August, 72.8% of the area had already been harvested, and 27.2% was at maturity.
Rice production, which has already concluded its harvest, reached 12.8 million tons, a significant increase of 20.61 TP4T over the 2023/24 season and the 4th highest on record, trailing only the volumes obtained in the 2010/2011, 2004/2005, and 2003/2004 seasons. This increase reflects a 9.81 TP4T expansion in the planted area and favorable weather conditions, especially in Rio Grande do Sul, the main producing state. For beans, Conab estimates production of close to 3.1 million tons, combining the three harvests, ensuring the country's domestic supply.
Among winter crops, wheat stands out. With sowing completed nationwide, the area dedicated to wheat decreased by 19.9% compared to the previous harvest, totaling 2.4 million hectares this season. Productivity, however, is expected to recover, rising from 2,579 kilograms per hectare in 2024 to 3,077 kg/ha this year. Even so, production is estimated at 7.5 million tons this season, a reduction of 4.5% compared to the previous season.
Soybean mapping and productivity
As part of its ongoing improvement of estimates, Conab is releasing revised yields for the 2021/22, 2022/23, and 2023/24 soybean harvests, as well as adjustments to the 2024/25 harvest. These adjustments are based on the adoption of a methodology based on the integration of remote sensing and field information, as well as adjustments to the cultivated area, following crop mapping. The goal is to improve the quality and spatial consistency of the estimates by systematically incorporating satellite signals that reflect the crop's vegetative vigor, while preserving the field knowledge and experience accumulated by the company's informants and technicians.
Market
Photo: Gilson Abreu
With the good results expected for corn production in the 2024/25 harvest, Conab updates the cereal's carryover stocks in this survey, currently estimated at 12.8 million tons.
The Company also increased its initial soybean stock for the current harvest to 4.32 million tons. Record oilseed production will boost exports, with an expected 106.25 million tons of soybeans from the 2024/25 harvest expected to be sold internationally. This will also boost domestic consumption, with an estimated 57 million tons destined for processing in the domestic market. Even so, carryover stocks are expected to recover, reaching an estimated 9.3 million tons by the end of this harvest.
Further information on cultivation and market conditions for the main crops grown in the country can be found in the 12th Grain Harvest Survey 2024/25, published in Conab website.
